Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. People with sickle cell anemia were born with a defective gene that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with the disease often suffer pain in their extremities due to the build-up of these cells causing blockages in the blood vessels. The shape of the blood cells also reduces the amount of oxygen transported in the blood.

The image below shows a side-by-side comparison of normal and sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Image courtesy of NIH.

Which of the following medical treatments would cause changes to the genetic material of the patient?
A.
replacing the blood in the body via transfusions
B.
replacing the malfunctioning gene with a healthy copy
C.
providing drugs to increase oxygen levels in the blood
D.
targeting and killing sickle cell

Choose the incorrect statement (a) the motor end plate membrane is only capable of generating graded potentials, but it is contiguous with the skeletal muscle sarcolemma, which can generate action potentials. (b) propagation of an action potential through the t-tubules into the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggers the release of ca++ into the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber. (c) the generation of suprathreshold endplate potentials in multiple muscle fibers could be due to the increased frequency of action potential generation at the axon hillock of a single motor neuron. (d) a greater amount of ach would be found in the presynaptic vesicles of a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to botulinum toxin, than in a motor unit that fired several action potentials after exposure to the venom of the krait snake (which contains α-bungarotoxin).