In parakeets, two autosomal genes pairs control the production of feather pigmentation. The M allele codes for an enzyme that is required for the synthesis of melanin, which produces the blue pigment and Y allele codes for an enzyme required for the synthesis of yellow pigment. A bird breeder mates two green birds and produces offspring that are green, blue, yellow and white.
1. What are the genotypes of the parents?
2.What are the genotypes of the offspring?
3. In what proportions would you expect to find the offspring?

Genotypes of parents        MmYy   and MmYy

genotypes of offsprings    MMYY, MMYy, MMyy, MmYY, MmYy, Mmyy,                  

                                           mmYY, mmYy,mmyy

offspring proportions          green : blue : yellow : white

                                                 9     :    3   :      3     :1

Explanation:

M = melanin produces blue pigment

Y = yellow pigment

parental phenotype  green      x            green

parental genotype    MmYy                  MmYy

meiosis

gamtetes                MY  My   mY  my           MY My mY my

offpring genotype

                            gametes    MY          My          mY          my

                               MY       MMYY     MMYy    MmYY     MmYy

                                            green      green     green      green

                                My       MMYy    MMyy      MMYy      Mmyy

                                             green     blue        green        blue

                                 mY      MmYY   MmYy     mmYY       mmYy

                                            green      green     yellow      yellow

                                 my       MmYy     Mmyy     mmYy      mmyy

                                             green      blue        yellow       white

offspring phenotype          green      blue         yellow        white

offsring proportion               9               3               3                 1

Further explanation: as crossing two green parents is giving four different phenotypes shows that blue and yellow genes are co dominant and that parents are heterozygotes

the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. these are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.

the principles of art and design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.