31.
Part 1. How is indeterminate cleavage different from determinate cleavage?
Part 2. Is there any benefit to the organism if they have determinate or indeterminate cleavage? i. e is one type of cleavage superior to the other?
Part 3. Why do you think that all animals do not display indeterminate cleavage?

Indeterminate cleavage results in identical cells capable of forming an embryo while determinate cells do not result in cells which are capable to develop embryo.

Indeterminate is superior to determinate cleavage.

Explanation:

Cleavage is the division of cells in the early embryonic stage. The two stages of cleavage described here are:

In indeterminate cleavage or regulative cleavage occurs when an embryo divides, each cell is capable of developing into complete embryo. eg: Deuterosomes

In determinate cleavage the resulting embryonic cells of blastomere cannot develop into embryos. It is also called as mosaic cleavage. The essential part of the cell might be missing which does not let the cell survive. eg: Protosomes

Indeterminate cleavage is of great importance as the cell grows and can produce new organism. The complete identical twin is formed. Its application can be seen in tomato plants.

3. All animals do not display intermediate cleavage because growth from intermediate cleavage is continuous and does not stop after adulthood which is not possible in animals.

d.

explanation:

1. dermis

2. chemical

3. urine

4. viruses

5. antibodies