A donor unit obtained from the central blood bank was labeled as group O, D-positive. When the hospital transfusion service confirmed the donor's type, the result was group O, D-negative. Investigation of the label issued at the blood bank was performed withverification of correct labeling. How can you explain the discrepancy in the D typing ofthis donor unit?

Different monoclonal antibodies clone anti-D formulation used in Reagent manufacture.

Explanation:

The D antigen is a protein found on the surface of the red blood cell. It is also known as the Rh factor and it determines a persons blood type.

D negative means a person's blood does not contain the D antigen and D positive have the antigen.

Weak D phenotype is a weaken form of D positive where the D antigen per cell are fewer than the normal Rh positive cells.

Discrepancies such as the one in our question occur due to different monoclonal antibodies clone anti-D formulation used in Reagent manufacture.

Monoclonal antibodies clone anti-D formulations can vary in their ability to detect partial D antigen and weak D phenotype.

The two may have used different monoclonal antibodies clone anti-D formulation reagents.

d.

explanation:

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!