Imagine that you are chatting with one of your friends, who stated that reptiles are obviously a monophyletic group, as this group contains all of the organisms (outside of fish) that possess scales. This statement is: a. false, because reptiles are a paraphyletic group; this group does not include birds, even though birds share a common ancestor with reptiles. b. false, because reptiles are a polyphyletic group, much like birds and bats. c. true, because monophyletic groups are based solely on the morphological characteristics of their included species. d. true, because the reptile group includes all of the organisms derived from a common ancestor on the phylogenetic tree.