Bobbie has severe scoliosis. He has such curvature in his spine that his ribs are folding down and in, and his left lung is nearly collapsed. Bobbie will likely have surgery in the future to correct this problem, but for now, he is trying to keep his respiratory muscles as strong as possible. Bobbie has a normal FEV1 / VC ratio. Explain how this is possible.

Explanation:

FEV or Forced expiratory volume is the amount of the volume exhaled by the person during 1 second while VC refers to the maximal capacity of the exhaled volume after the maximal inspiration.

The FEV1 / VC ratio represents the maximal exhalation volume which depends on the age, weight and sex.

In the given case, the person is suffering from the restrictive lung disease which decreases the volume of the lung and therefore expansion of the lung. Since the expansion of the lung (inflation) is affected in this case but not the deflation therefore the person can exhale the air to its maximum limit.

Thus, the FEV1 / VC ratio remains normal.

explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.