Calculate the actual, physiological ΔG for the reaction: creatine phosphate + ADP → creatine + ATP at 37°C, as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons with creatine phosphate at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM, and ATP at 2.6mM. Give your answer in kJ/mol to one decimal point.

-13.2 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Creatine Phosphate  +  H₂O ------>   Creatine + P₁ (ΔG° = -43 kJ/mol)

ADP                             +  Pi    ------->   ATP +  H₂O   (ΔG° =  +30.5 kJ/mol)    

Creatine Phosphate  + ADP  ------> Creatine  + ATP   (ΔG° = -12.5 kJ/mol)

Given that:

Creatine Phosphate = 4.7 mM

ADP = 0.73 mM

creatine = 1.0 mM

ATP = 2.6mM

Temperature (T) = 37°C = (37+273)K

Temperature (T) = 310 K

ΔG° = -12.5 kJ/mol = -12500 J/mol

Rate constant = 8.314

Then using the formula and substituting our values, we have :

ΔG = ΔG° + RT㏑

ΔG =  - 12500  + (8.314)(310)㏑

ΔG =  - 12500 + 2577.34 × ㏑ [ 0.7578]

ΔG =  - 12500 + 2577.34 ( -0.2773)

ΔG = - 13214.696 J/mol

ΔG = - 13.215 kJ/mol

ΔG = - 13.2 kJ/mol    ( to 1 decimal place)

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle

we need additional information in order to determine the cause of death for anna garcia. there are at least 3 things with explanation included as to why we need them are as follows: