Information flow

evolution

interactions within biological systems

relationship of structure to function

pathways that transform energy and mattter

Earth's giant water supply stores a huge amount of heat from the sun during warm periods and gives off heat that warms the air during cold periods. This enables temperatures on the planet to stay within the limits that permit life. and

Life on Earth began in water 3 billion years before spreading onto land.

Two molecules of hydrogen peroxide react to produce two molecules of water and one molecule of oxygen.

The number of electrons in an atom determines the chemical properties of that atom.

The fast two blanks can be filled up with interactions within biological systems and pathways that transform energy and matter

Explanation:

The water bodies and atmosphere play an important role in maintaining the global temperature of the earth. It is essential for survival of life on the earth. All forms of life have optimum temperature, pH, and pressure, et cetera ranges in which they can work and sustain life.

Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere help in maintaining temperature in a tolerable range. It allows living beings to perform all the metabolic activities within their bodies, interaction with each other as well as interactions with abiotic system.

For example, interactions within biological systems include cell-to-cell interactions, metabolism, enzymatic reactions, hormonal interactions, et cetera. These are only possible if optimum conditions such as temperature, pressure, pH are provided.

In addition, metabolic activities, different bio-geo-chemical cycles or biological interactions are necessary for pathways that transform energy and matter.

For example, photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy. In this process, biological interactions that place within the living organism (plants in this case) are essential as well as interaction with other biotic (CO2 from cellular respiration of other living organisms) and abiotic systems (water, air, soil, sun, et cetera) are required.

Similarly, cellular respiration is another process which includes the transformation of energy and matter. It includes various enzymes and biological interactions. Thus, it also requires that the temperature should be optimum for the biological system. A very high or very low temperature can inhibit or denature enzymes which can result in the restriction of various biological processes.

So, limiting the temperature within a range permits life, interaction within biological systems and pathways that transform energy and matter.

The second statement can be linked to evolution

Evolution is a gradual and continuous process by which living organisms evolve over a long period of time. It works on the basis of natural selection, genetic drift, et cetera. We all know that life first originated in water. It was simple and microscopic in nature. However, during the course of evolution the life expands, evolve, and inhabits almost all parts of the globe. Today, we observe such as vast biodiversity in nature.

Thus, it can be correctly linked to evolution.

The third statement can be linked to interactions within biological systems

Conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is one of the biochemical reactions take place in living organisms, especially, in higher organisms.

In humans, hydrogen peroxide is formed in cells as a result of normal metabolic reactions. It prevents the formation of a more dangerous compound, that is, superoxide. It does not mean that hydrogen peroxide is not toxic to our body; however, it is detoxified in our body, especially in liver cells.

In the liver, the enzyme catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. In this reaction, two molecules of hydrogen peroxide react to produce two molecules of water and one molecule of oxygen.

Thus, it can be correctly linked to interactions within biological systems

The last statement can be correctly linked to relationship of structure to function'

In biology, it is believed that the structure of anything plays key role in determining its function. For example, RBCs are spherical in shape which helps them to carry more and more gases, nerve cells are branched which help them in receiving stimuli more efficiently, et cetera.

Similarly, in chemistry, the number of electrons play an important role in determining the chemical properties of an atom.

The number of electrons determines how they will be organized in shells, sub-shells, and orbitals. They determine if an atom would be inert, anion, or cation, and its electro-negativity, et cetera.

On another hand, the atoms which have 5-7 electrons in their outermost shell tend to become anions, that is, they carry a negative charge. It is because it is easier to carry electrons for them as compared to the energy, they require to lose electrons. For example, F-, et cetera.

In contrast, the atoms which have 1-3 electrons in their outer shells tend to become cations, that is, they carry a positive charge. It is because it is easier for them to lose 1-3 electrons as compared to the energy required for gaining 5-7 electrons in effort to gain octet. For example, Na*, Ca*, me, et cetera.

Thus, it can be correctly linked to 'relationship of structure to function'

In biology, information flow is mainly related to the central dogma of a cell and reproduction. In central dogma, the information in DNA nucleotide sequence is transferred to mRNA and then to proteins. In reproduction, the blue-print or the genetic material is transferred from one generation to another.

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs

the answer is d. embryo