An illness that results from a malfunction of the red blood cell because of an incorrect structure in parts of the hemoglobin protein chain is called .

Sickle-cell disease

Explanation:

Sickle-cell disease is characterized by the presence of a sickle shaped red blood cell, due to the substitution of glutamate with valine in the amino acid sequence of the protein globin portion.

Hence, the sickled shaped globin is unable to transport oxygen efficiently to body tissues, resulting in malfunction of the red blood cell.

a. decomposes use carbon from dead organisms as fuel for cellular respiration, returning carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.