What functions is not associated with the spinal cord?

Hello! I figured the question was missing its options, so I went online to find them. Here is the complete question:

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the spinal cord?

a) The spinal cord is a major integration center for reflexes.

b) It provides a two-way conduction pathway for signals between the body and the brain.

c) Through the cranial nerves that attach to it, the spinal cord is involved in sensory and motor innervation of the head and neck.

d) Through the spinal nerves that attach to it, the spinal cord is involved in sensory and motor innervation of the entire body inferior to the head.

e) All of the statements are functions attributed to the spinal cord. There are no exceptions.

The correct answer is: C) Through the cranial nerves that attach to it, the spinal cord is involved in sensory and motor innervation of the head and neck.

Explanation:

The only function given in the options that is not associated with the spinal cord is C) because cranial nerves are not attached to the spine, but to the cranium. Cranial nerves DO, however, control head and neck innervation.

Spinal nerves innervate the limbs: the cervical spinal nerves form the brachial plexus to give sensory and motor innervation to the upper limbs, while the lumbar spinal nerves form the lumbar plexus to innervate the lower limbs.

he forelimbs below belong to four species that descended in a direct line from the ancestral mammal shown above. of the four descendants shown, which species most likely appeared earliest in evolutionary history?