Individual organisms within a population differ in reproductive success; those that manage to successfully capture a larger amount of resources and produce more have greater , a measure of this reproductive success.

Offsprings, natural selection, a measure of reproductive success.

Explanation:

Pattern of life history in individual or population evolve by Natural selection, Life history pattern optimizes the trade offs as energy spend in raising the offspring.

The energy resources in the earth is limited and organisms had to fight for the resources for growth, multiplication and survival.

The offspring with the traits will use the effective way to use the resources than with the siblings who lack the trait,

The reproductive success is ultimately a measure of natural selection.

correct answer: understand the different control methods available

integrated pest management is an strategy that is based on the ecosystem and try to prevent the pest and the damage caused by them by applying combination of technique like habitat manipulation, biological control and use of resistant varieties.

the main aim of the integrated pest management is not to completely eliminate the pest but to strengthen the ecosystem so that conditions are favorable for plants and unfavorable for pests.

the correct answer is d