A species has slow population growth rates and long life spans, while species have numerous small offspring and fast population growth rates.

answer: "circumcision is a common procedure in which the skin covering the tip of the penis is surgically removed."

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.