The influence of how a mother’s nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant’s development of obesity or chronic diseases later in life is referred to as .

The influence that maternal nutrition -the mother's intake of nutrients- has on the fetal gene expression, as well as its development and growth, is referred to as fetal programming, responsible for the predisposition to obesity or chronic diseases during its lifetime.

Explanation:

Both gene expression and fetal growth and development depend on three relevant factors:

The above factors can eventually induce changes in the metabolism of the developing fetus, which manages to adapt, but with consequences on the normal developmental pathway, which can trigger negative metabolic disturbances.

Fetal programming - also referred to as fetal metabolism programming - includes a number of factors that influence postnatal metabolic behavior, including susceptibility to obesity or chronic disease.

Learn more:

Fetal alcohol syndrome link

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!