Croaking in frogs is controlled by one gene with a pair of alleles - dominant uttering (R) and recessive muttering (r). Eye color is inherited by epistatic interaction of two genes with the following possible phenotypes: A_B_ - blue eyes; A_bb - purple eyes and aaB_ or aabb - green eyes. The frog geneticist mated two purple utteres with the following results: Part A 9/16 purple, utterers 3/16 purple, mutterers 3/16 green. utterers 1/16 green. mutterers What were the genotypes of the parents? a. AabbRr x AaBbRr b. AabbRr x AAbbRr c. AabbRr x AabbRr d. AAbbRr x AaBbRr e. AabbRr x Aabbrr f. AaBbrr x AabbRr

The cross with the correct genotypes of the parents is AabbRr x AabbRr -option C-.

Explanation:

Available data:

Dominant uttering (R) and recessive muttering (r)Eye color is inherited by epistatic interactionA_B_: blue eyes; A_bb: purple eyes; aaB_ or aabb: green eyes.

Cross)                 AabbRr     x    AabbRr

Gametes)    RAb   Rab   rAb   rab

                    RAb   Rab   rAb   rab

Punnet Square)              RAb            Rab            rAb             rab

                           RAb    RRAAbb    RRAabb     RrAAbb    RrAabb

                           Rab     RRAabb     RRaabb     RrAabb     Rraabb

                           rAb     RrAAbb      RrAabb      rrAAbb     rrAabb

                          rab      RrAabb       Rraabb      rrAabb      rraabb

Note) Each parent has two copies of each gamete, which means that these results should be muliplied by four. But in oder to make it understandable, I resumed it, and just put half of the gametes.

Progeny phenotypes) 9/16 purple, utterers R-A-bb

                                    3/16 purple, mutterers rrA-bb

                                    3/16 green, utterers  R-aabb

                                    1/16 green, mutterers  rraabb

Option a. AabbRr x AaBbRr: Incorrect, as one of the parents has a genotype for blue eyes, A-B-

Option b. AabbRr x AAbbRr: Incorrect, as one of the parents is homozygote for A, so there would not be any green descendant.

Option c. AabbRr x AabbRr: Correct

Option d. AAbbRr x AaBbRr: Incorrect, as one of the parents has a genotype for blue eyes, A-B-

Option e. AabbRr x Aabbrr: Incorrect, as one of the parents is muttering, rr

Option f. AaBbrr x AabbRr: Incorrect, as one of the parents is muttering, rr and has a genotype for blue eyes, A-B-                        

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.

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