A dihybrid test cross is made between genes J and M. Four categories of offspring are produced: JM, Jm, jM, and jm. You wish to use the X2 test to test the hypothesis that the J and M genes are unlinked. How many degrees of freedom would there be in this test?

easy

explanation:

d. groundwater flows through the subsoil and deposits minerals.

the earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials. these were pulled together by gravity to form objects in and around earth like- asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.

so, the best possible answer to this question will be option d- to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers