Phylogenetic trees constructed from evidence from molecular systematics are based on similarities in .

mutations to homologous genetic loci

Explanation:

Phylogenetic tree, which is a diagrammatic representation of evolutionary relationship among organisms, can be constructed from evidence from molecular systematic with regard to the similarities in the mutations to homologous genes.

Homologous genes are genes that are inherited by two species from a common ancestor having similar DNA sequence. An example of homologous gene is Orthologous gene, which is said to have be brought about by speciation.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.