To check whether Earnest and Denise could have a baby with Type O blood, draw a Punnett square for a father who has blood Type A and IA i genotype and a mother who has blood Type B and IB i genotype. Write in the blood type for each child's genotype.

Answer is explained below and also see the document attached below for Punnett square.

Explanation:

ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) is based on the presence (or absence) of the A and B antigens in the red blood cells. The blood type, A has only the A antigen (and has anti-B antibodies) while the blood type, B has only the B antigen (and had anti-A antibodies). Also in the AB  blood type, both A and B antigens are present (but has no antibodies) while in the O blood type, both A and B antigens are absent (but has both antibodies).

The blood type is inherited from the parents and the offspring inherits one of the two alleles from each parent. The ABO blood type has three types of alleles: IA, IB, and i. Here, I is a term for antigen (isoagglutinogen).

The IA and IB alleles are dominant while the i allele is recessive. The blood type A is formed by either two IA alleles (IA IA ) or IA i. So, the genotype of blood type A is IA IA  or IA i. The blood type B is formed by either two IB alleles (IB IB ) or IB i. So, the genotype of blood type B is IB IB or IB i. The O blood type is formed only by two i alleles (ii). So, the genotype of blood type O is ii. The IA and IB alleles (IA IB) give the AB blood type, which is an example of codominance (the traits of both the alleles are visible in the phenotype). The genotype of blood type AB is IA IB.  

If the parents have blood type A and B, then they can have an AB blood type offspring. If the parents have blood type A and B and they both are heterozygous (IB i and IA i), then they can also have a O blood type child.

Here, the father has blood Type A (IA i genotype) while the mother has blood Type B (IB i genotype). Both the parents are heterozygous (IB i and IAi), so the possible genotypes of their child are IA IB (blood type AB), IA i (blood type A), IB i (blood type B) and ii (blood type O).

i.e.,             Blood Type                             Genotype

                           A                                     IA IA or IA i

                           B                                     IB IB or IB i

                          AB                                        IA IB

                           O                                            ii      

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