A true-breeding plant with purple flowers is crossed with a true breeding plant with white flowers. Draw a Punnett
square to determine the possible outcomes of this cross. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes.

Answer and Explanation:

Punnett squares are diagrams that show the result of crosses of hybrid offspring through genetic breeding. Known parental genotypes and phenotypes are utilized, and they usually align with Mendelian ratios and inheritance. They follow the

For this cross...

     gametes: P w → flower color purple dominant (P), white recessive (w)

Assuming heterozygousity

                                                  purple × white

       phenotype:                     2 purple; 2 white

∴ all are genotypically heterozygous,  2 purple; 2 white

Assuming true breeding parents (homozygous)

                                      purple × white

       phenotype:               4 purple ; 0 white

∴ all are genotypically heterozygous, and purple

2. Parent generation or P generation:

gametes: W p → flower color white dominant (W), purple recessive (p)

Assuming true breeding parents (homozygous)

                                       white  × purple

phenotype:                    4 white; 0 purple

∴ all are genotypically heterozygous, and white

Assuming heterozygousity

                                            white ; purple

       phenotype:                     2 white;   2 purple

∴ all are genotypically heterozygous, 2 are white and 2 purple

Each punnet cross is attached in order below

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

it is called the mitotic spindle