Damage to a brain area called the would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had bitten one on several occasions.

The options

A)hippocampus

B)basal ganglia

C)hypothalamus

D)cerebellum

The CORRECT ANSWER IS D)

D)cerebellum

Explanation:

Apart from the coordinating process, the cerebellum is involved in motor learning, emotional behavior, and fear memory.

Fear learning is widely shown in the variation of autonomic and somatic responses, as in heart rate and freezing, promoted by a neutral stimulus which could have been formally grouped with a painful one.

Variation or changes of the vermis influences these responses, and its reversible inactivation in the period of consolidation which is seen to impair fear memory.

The neural correlate of cerebellar activities in fear consolidation is shown by a behaviorally promoted long-term rise of synaptic effectiveness and efficiencies among parallel fibers and a Purkinje cell.

Likely synaptic variations after fear conditioning are well fully observed in the amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting an interplay among emotional circumstances of scenario and the different variations in neural process.

Furthermore, in hotfoot mice, that shows a basic lack of parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, short- and long-term fear memories are influenced.

All these data gives a foundational background on the concept that the cerebellum is majorly involved in fear learning.

The functional interplay of the vermis with hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus do infer to a more complex activities of the cerebellum as a form of an united network that basically influences emotional behavior.

Cerebellum

Explanation:

In addition to coordinating movement, the cerebellum participates in

motor learning, emotional behavior, and fear memory. Fear learning

is reflected in a change of autonomic and somatic responses, such

as heart rate and freezing, elicited by a neutral stimulus that has been

previously paired with a

painful one. Manipulation of

the vermis affects these

responses, and its reversible

inactivation during the

consolidation period impairs

fear memory. The neural

correlate of cerebellar

involvement in fear

consolidation is provided by a

behaviorally induced long-

term increase of synaptic

efficacy between parallel fibers

and a Purkinje cell. Similar

synaptic changes after fear

conditioning are well

documented in the amygdala

and hippocampus, providing a

link between emotional

experiences and changes in

neural activity. In addition, in

hotfoot mice, with a primary

deficiency of parallel fiber to

Purkinje cell synapse, short-

and long-term fear memories

are affected. All these data

support the idea that the

cerebellum participates in fear

learning. The functional

interconnection of the vermis

with hypothalamus, amygdala,

and hippocampus suggests a

more complex role of the

cerebellum as part of an

integrated network regulating

emotional behavior.

videntify the dna change shown in the diagram and explain how that change can result in the increased genetic diversity often seen among siblings.identify the dna change shown in the diagram and explain how that change can result in the increased genetic diversity often seen among siblings.