Fat mobilization is the breakdown of fats in adipose tissue into metabolic products that enter the bloodstream. Place the steps of fat mobilization in order. You will not use all the steps (some have incorrect information).

1. Body needs energy for activity

Fatty acids transported to tissue

The choices to go in between the top are:

body releases epinephrine

glycerol is transported by LDL to liver for processing

triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are degraded to phosphate and three fatty acids

triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids

metabolic products enter bloodstream

epinephrine binds to fat cells in adipose tissue

insulin stimulates fat mobilization

The complete steps are:

1. Body needs energy for activity

2. body releases epinephrine

3. epinephrine binds to fat cells in adipose tissue

4. triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids

5. Fatty acids transported to tissue

Explanation:

Mobilization of fat is a gluconeogenetic process (a process that sequesters energy from a compound other than carbohydrates), in which fat molecules in the adipose tissues are metabolized for energy production.

The process starts when the body is in an energy-deprived (hypoglycemic) state, leading to the release of glucagon by the pancreas and the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal medulla of the brain.

These hormones activate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in the liver, it also activates lipolysis in the muscle cells and liver, as well as inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. This is mediated through the binding of these hormones to specific receptors on the surface of fat cells, leading to the activation of lipases (enzymes catalyzing lipolysis). Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides (common fat in diets) to glycerol and three molecules of free fatty acids. These free fatty acids are released into the blood where they attach to serum albumin; a protein for transporting the hydrophobic fatty acids to the muscle cells where they are taken up and utilized to produce energy and C0₂.

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