Mutations are A) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases that produce an observable phenotype. B) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases. C) mistakes in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. D) heritable changes in the mRNA of an organism. E) None of the above

Option B) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases.

Explanation:

Mutations are permanent changes in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Gene mutations can be inherited from a parent or acquired during lifetime. So, mutations passed down from parents to offspring are called hereditary mutations or germ-line mutation.

And also, not all mutations produce observable phenotype, especially the changes that do not occur in the genes or that give similar amino acids as in the case of silent mutation.

B) heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases.

Explanation:

Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the sequence of DNA that can be transfer form parent to there offspring.

Some mutation are not expressed in the phenotype of an individual, some exist in heterozygous form and are silent. when in heterozygous form if crossed with another heterozygous individual the mutation can become dominant. Some mutation can be deleterious in effect causing death. Some other types include point mutation,frame shift,Indel mutation, forward mutation,reverse mutation.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation: