Which of the following is an effect of a decrease in the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a cell?

When the surface area to volume ratio of a cell decreases, the amount of area available to pass material to the cell increases. This is because the surface area is now bigger in proportion to the volume. The inverse is true - when volume increases more rapidly than surface area, the area available to pass materials through it to the cell decreases.

Producers (autotrophs) are in the bottom (first) trophic level, primary consumers are in the second trophic level, secondary consumers are in the third trophic level and tertiary consumers are in the top trophic level. energy moves through the trophic levels when one living organism is being consumed by another. moreover, energy level becomes lower as it moves up the energy pyramid because of it being released as heat. food chain is when there is a single pathway of energy transfer whereas a food web is when there are multiple pathways of energy transfer.