Many of the redox center that comprise the electron transport system (ETS) are integral components of larger protein complexes. whereas others, such as , freely diffuse within the membrane as they ferry electrons between other ETS components.

not always but somethings can be reproduced in a laboratory.

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.