Explain why leaf usually appears to be green, but a rose typically appears red?

Leaf usually appears to be green in color, it is because the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment so when the light rays fall upon the surface of leaves, all the lights are absorbed by the chlorophyll except the green color which is reflected by the chlorophyll. Rose flower appears red because rose flower absorbed all the colors except the red color. So that's why rose flower appears red in color.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.