The structure of DNA as a double helix with complimentary strands was a major breakthrough in our understanding of biology. The major contributions to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure, (although not all were recognized by the Nobel prize Committee) were made by:

Erwin Chargaff and Franklin Rosalind

Explanation:

Erwin chargaff's work on base composition studies which involves the compilation of the four nitrogenous bases in the DNA double helix

Franklin Rosalind and Maurice studies on Xray diffraction images of DNA studies also assisted in the determination of the position and the distances.

poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.