Primary succession is a pioneer species move into an area that has no plants. Which organisms are common pioneer species?

B - mosses and lichens that can grow on Rocky surfaces

Explanation: Primary succession usually starts or begins on rock outcrops. It could include bare surfaces, volcanic mountains or an area (water surfaces) with no soil.

In primary succession, pioneer organisms including algae, lichen, mosses and fungi usually are the pioneer species. Other abiotic factors like wind and water play roles of normalizing the habitat.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.