Which of the following factors is needed during light-dependent reactions to create ATP and NADPH energy molecules? Oxygen Solar energy Carbon dioxide Water

Solar energy and water.

Explanation:

During the light-dependent reactions, solar energy is captured by chlorophyll which is present in the chloroplasts. When chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy, an electron in the molecule becomes "excited" (enters a high energy state). This electron is then transferred to other carriers through an electron transport chain. The first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a by-product. The final electron acceptor is NADP, forming NADPH.

The energy from the electrons is used to drive a proton pump, which permits the synthesis of ATP.

Carbon dioxide is required during the light-independent reactions.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !