The Lake of the Ozarks is a human-made lake, so it collects runoff from coal strip-mining, fertilizers, resort wastewaters, and septic drainages. The average lake temperature is between 10∘C and 21∘C. Consider the physical requirements for growth and multiplication that would allow fecal coliforms to "blossom" in the Lake of the Ozarks. Which of the following would accurately describe these organisms?a. hyperthermophiles. b. psychrophiles. c. facultative halophiles. d. mesophiles. e. extremophiles.

B. Psychrophiles

C. Facultative halophiles

D. Mesophiles

Explanation:

Psychrophiles:

Psychrophiles are also known as cryophiles. These are considered as extremophilic organims which grow and reproduced at very low temperature range from -20°C to +10°C.

Facultative halophiles:

These organims can grow and reproduced at low to high salt concentration.

Mesophiles:

Mesophiles are the organisms which actively grow at moderate temperature range from 20°C to 45°C.

So, according to scenario, The Lake of Ozarks filled with fertilizers, waste water, strip minning and it's temperature range is 10°C to 21°C which clearly indicates that mesophiles, psychrophiles and facultative halophiles organisms are present in this lack due to their favorable environment.

C,falcultative  Halophiles.

D. Mesophiles

B.Psychrophiles

Explanation:

Group of organisms that are capable of surviving in extreme salt concentration  medium are called Halophiles. Runoff  from fertilizer ,contains high salt, therefore this organism is said to be  an Halophile. They are usually categorized based on the extent of tolerance of the salt concentration of the medium,This is called halotolerance.  

So far this medium also contains mixture of run off of other subtances-wastewaters, septic drainage, thus , this organisms can tolerate   extreme salt medium and media  where the salt concentration is low, then it is Falcultative Halophiles. The Adaptive features of this organism  involves the ability to increases internal solute concentration of their cytoplasm through  secretion of solutes called compatible solutes, or absorbing this from their surrounding environments, in attempt to make the solute potential higher than that of the surrounding environments.(e.g amino acids, sugars, etc.

The mere fact that this organism can survive in relatively normal temperature that is not to the extreme  and not too low  below the optimum temperature, (21 Degree centigrade for this lake), then they are said to be Mesophile. They have ability to maintain less fluidity, and protein flexibity which may help in maintenance of temperature fluctuations.

At temperature of 10 degree, this organism can tolerate extremely low temperature. Organism that can tolerant a very low temperature like this(-20- 10 degrees) are called Psychrophile. They possess short unsaturated fatty acids in the cells membranes. Since fluidity decereses with increase in saturation and tail lengths, Psychrophiles have high low melting point, and therefore high fluidity to survive in extreme cold medium.

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