Proper folding of proteins is essential for their biological activity. In general, the functional conformation of a protein is the conformation with lowest energy. This means that if an unfolded protein is allowed to reach equilibrium, it should assemble automatically into its native, functioning folded state. Why then is there a need for molecular chaperones and chaperonins in cells?

Variety of living organisms; includes genetic, species, and ecological types.

Contrast how pollination is different among gymnosperms and angiosperms.

In sweet pea, gene c is responsible for color production and gene p is responsible for the purple color pigment. both of them are located on two different loci on different chromosomes. the flowers will be purple only when the plant has the genotypes as c_p_. no color will be produced with genotypes: ccpp, ccpp, ccpp, ccpp. thus, gene c controls the expression of gene p. what pattern of inheritance is exhibited here? a. pleiotropy b. epistasis c. multiple alleles