5. Heterospory occasionally occurs in lycophytes and ferns, and in all seed plants. Botanists are convinced that heterospory must have originated more than once in the evolution of plants. Can you suggest one or more advantages that heterospory might have to plants

An advantage to heterospory is endosporic gametophyte.

The endosporic gametophyte do permits for embryonic formation. It prompts it to have a reduced vulnerability to varying form of environments.

The second advantage that heterscopy could offer to plants is ensuring of a well apportioned nutrient filled environment.

The well apportioned nutrient filled environment is formed as a result of the megasporangium been adhered to the sporophytic plant body. This sees to promote a good formation of the embryo.

A further advantage of heterscopy is the aftermath of fertilization.

This integument is hard as it is necessary to preserve the female gametophyte and embryo.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

i need an image of the diagram