Quizloet Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium. the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. the closure of voltage-gated calcium channels. the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels.

The opening of voltage-gated sodium channels

Explanation:

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Depolarization occurs when sodium ions move across the cardiac cell membranes generating a change in charges and therefore the depolarization.

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answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c

straight or amphibians are homeothermic to thermal