12. When a plant grows in the shade, its stems tend to bend away from the shade because of
the hormone auxin. This gives the plant a greater chance of absorbing the energy it needs to
make its own food. The response shown by a plant growing this way is called -
A phototropism B thigmotropism Cgravitropism D hydrotropism

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. these are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.

the principles of art and design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.