Which organisms initiate the cycling of matter in an ecosystem

How does deforestation affect the water cycle? a. it increases the amount of runoff b.it increases the amount of percolation c. it increases the amount of transpiration d. it increases the amount of precipitationa it increases the amount of runoff

What is the inability of an individual or a society to achieve a minimum standard of living known as ?

Idon’t know the answer and i’ve been stuck on it for a while now skskskskks