Choose three factors to investigate. 2. form hypotheses about how the factors will affect the rate of the reaction. 3. list the steps you will follow to test your hypotheses. consult with your learning coach before performing your experiments. 4. carry out your experiments. be sure to adhere to lab safety rules as you perform the experiments. 5. record your observations. 6. draw conclusions from your experiments. describe the relationships between the three factors you tested and the rate of the reaction. explain whether or not your results support your hypotheses. note any sources of errors. 7. complete a formal laboratory report which includes a heading, materials, hypotheses, procedures, data, and conclusions.

The factors that may affect the reaction are,

(1) temperature at which the reaction is carried out,

(2) surface area of the antacid tablet,

(3) concentration of bicarbonate salt.

(1) Temperature: It increases the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.

(2) Surface area: By using powdered tablet rather than an entire one, the surface area of the tablet increases that makes the rate of reaction faster.

(3) Concentration: Increase in the concentration of the bicarbonate increases the possibility of antacid substance to come into contact of more bicarbonate. Thus, the rate of a reaction increases.

Steps:

(1) Temperature. (i) at 1st, the reaction is to be carried out at room temperature. (ii) with the aid of timing device the duration of the reaction time is required to be measured. (iii) Consecutive reactions are required to perform with increase in 1 oC temperature for each reaction and the endpoint time is required to be noted. (iv) plot a graph depicting the reaction time with corresponding temperature. (v) a negative slopre in graph will indicate increasing rate of reaction, \Delta time/\Delta temperature= -ve .

(2) Surface Area. (i) Reaction is to carried out with entire antacid tablet at first and the reaction rate is required to be measured. (ii) Then the reaction under same condition is required to be carried out with powdered antacid tablet and the duration of the reaction is to be measured. The reaction rate will be faster in case of powdered tablet.

(3) Concentration. (i) Concentration of the bicarbonate solution should be varied in increasing order. (ii) the reaction rate is required to be measured for each concentration. (iii) a graph should be plotted with reaction rate at different concentration. A negative slope in the plot indicates increased reaction rate with increasing concentration of bicarbonate. \Delta time/\Delta concentration= -ve .

Errors: Manual errors may occur in course of reaction rate measurement which can easily be overcome with the help of multiple measurements for same data.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.