1.) Describe the process in meiosis that ensures that both maternal and paternal chromosomes are passed on to each spermatozoon.
2.)Explain why the genetic content of individual chromosomes in a spermatozoon most likely differs from the genetic content of individual chromosomes in a primary spermatocyte.
3.) In some instances, meiosis of a primary spermatocyte with six chromosomes results in two spermatozoa that contain four chromosomes and two spermatozoa that contain two chromosomes. Predict the most likely cause.
4.) A student claims that if the animal producing the spermatozoa has a mutation in a mitochondrial gene, the probability that any offspring will inherit the mutation is zero. Provide evidence to support this claim.