The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is into mRNA, which is then translated into polypeptides. Eukaryotic ribosomes exist freely floating in the and membrane-bound. In peptide synthesis, after an amino acid has been added to the polypeptide chain, the empty exits the ribosome. Respond to the following based on your reading. Where is the ribosome located in the cell? What is the essential role of the ribosome in gene expression? In which crucial step of gene expression does the ribosome play a major role: transcription or translation? How does the ribosome differ in eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Why is transfer RNA, or tRNA, necessary for protein synthesis? What is the role of ribosomal RNA in the ribosome? What happens if there are no ribosomes present in the cell, or if the ribosomes do not function properly?

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

wild parsnip is a perennial plant which reproduces rapidly in areas which have no sign of agricultural activity such roadside or at no tillage open areas. it's considered invasive because it can inhibit the growth of another plant  and its reproduction is fast. there are several harmful effects of this invasive plant although its taproot is edible since it is a member of the carrot family. wild parsnips can cause skin blistering when in contact because of the chemicals it contains, second it inhibits the growth of other plants, it will restrict the growth of animals when eaten and lastly, it drives away natural pollinators like bees.