A mutation that inserts or deletes one or two nucleotides is usually more harmful than a mutation that substitutes one base for another because -

A It changes one amino acid in the sequence of a protein

B it shifts the reading frame for the rest of the code causing many errors

C The codon consists of three nucleotides coding for an amino acid

D the chromosomes fail to separate resulting in trisomy 21

1. true.2. true.3. true.4. false.5. true.the concept of darwin's theory of evolution involves the idea that there are limited resources in a given living environment and that the organisms which live within have variations in their genetic make up due to random mating. the ones with beneficial genetic variations can express certain traits which give them an upper hand in surviving and reproducing in the said environment compared to ones who may have a more disadvantageous variation in traits. over time, the organisms with an upper hand will survive and reproduce more frequently and pass on their beneficial genes while the others die. the result is evolution, where we observe (usually, but not always) eventually, phenotypic distinct changes.

That is true tge cactus as a structural adaptation to its envirinment has it leaves reduced to spines. but this doesnt mean it cant produce food it produces food because of the presence of chlorophyll in its stem