Discuss each of the following interspecific relationships, including reference to the species involved, their role in the interaction, and the specific characteristics of the relationship:

(a) mutualism between ruminant herbivores and their gut microflora

(b) commensalism between a shark and a remora

(c) parasitism between a tapeworm and its human host

(d) parasitism between a cat flea and its host.

carbohydrates: (starches and sugars) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

lipids: (fats, oils, and waxes) are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

nucleic acids: contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. they are polymers of nucleotides. a nucleotide has three parts, a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate     (-po⬇️4) group, and a nitrogenous base.

proteins: made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. they are polymers of amino acids.

population. population is the number of people or animals in a particular place. an example of population is over eight million people living in new york city.

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