In Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae, rough non-encapsulated Streptococci were converted into smooth encapsulated Streptococci in the presence of the heat- killed smooth encapsulated Streptococci. What is the term that describes this process?
conjugation
transformation
cloning
transduction

Explanation:

1. In 1928, Griffith did in an experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which rough non-encapsulated Streptococci were converted into smooth encapsulated Streptococci in the presence of the heat- killed smooth encapsulated Streptococci and Griffith called this experiment as transformation.

2. The bacteria which are capable to take DNA from the surrounding is called competent cell.

3. Through transformation, genetic material from one bacteria is transferred to other bacteria, through which recombination occurs.