A woman with an X-linked dominant genetic disorder will have children who have a 50% chance to be affected by the trait also, regardless of their gender

b - the respond is innate and varies over time.

good luck!

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

i believe it is c: genes for body color and wing size are inherited separately from each parent.