Jamie Michaels was thrown from his motorcycle on a patch of gravel and was brought to the ER by paramedics. On examination, his right femur appeared to be fractured. X-ray studies confirmed an oblique, compound fracture which fortunately did not injure the femoral artery. However, there is a possibility of soft tissue damage in the area of the fracture. After routine blood work results showed that Mr. Michaels could tolerate surgery, he was taken to surgery for an open reduction. The fracture was secured with a plate and screws. A myorrhaphy was also necessary. The patient was taken to the recovery room in good condition.

Case Study Questions

The femur is also known as the bone.

The term oblique means .

Another name for compound, as in compound fracture, is .

Open reduction for a fracture uses to align the ends of the bone.

Because muscle tissue was damaged, a myorrhaphy, or , was done

On the Job Challenge Exercise

On the job, you will have to talk with patients and explain medical words to them. Give the meanings of these phrases

Closed Fracture

Closed reduction of a fracture

Green Stick Fracture

Spiral Fracture

Hairline Fracture

Kyphosis

Scoliosis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Factor

10. Osteoarthritis

Answer is explained below;

Explanation:

The femur - also known as the thigh bone.

In Jamie Michael's case, his right femur is appeared to be fractured. The femur is the bone in the thigh which extends from the hip to the knee and is the strongest and  longest bone in the human body.

The term oblique means slanting or angled.

The X-ray studies confirmed an oblique fracture in Jamie Michael's right femur. Oblique fractures are known as slanted fractures because such fractures occur when the break or fracture through the bone is on an angle.

Another name for compound, as in compound fracture, is an open fracture.

The X-ray studies also confirmed a compound fracture in Jamie Michael's right femur and soft tissue damage in the area of the fracture. Compound fracture or open fracture occurs when a fragment of the broken bone breaks through the skin creating an open wound. Since the bone is exposed, there is a higher chance for contamination and infection, and so require immediate surgery.

Open reduction for a fracture uses special screws, nails, plates, etc to align the ends of the bone.

Since Mr. Michaels can tolerate surgery, he was taken to surgery for an open reduction. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) is a surgerical procedure that is used to heal broken bones. In this surgery, the surgeons reposition the broken bone pieces in a way such that they are back in their proper alignment. For this purpose, special screws, nails, plates, wires, rods, etc are used to hold the bone pieces together and fix them in the correct place. In some femur fracture cases, a long metal rod is inserted through the middle of the thigh bone.

Because muscle tissue was damaged, a myorrhaphy, or a surgical procedure to suture together the torn ends of muscle tissue was done .

Since Mr. Michaels has soft tissue damage in the area of the fracture and has undergone open reduction, a myorrhaphy was also necessary. It is a procedure to suture together the torn ends of muscle tissues.

Closed Fracture - It is a fracture in which the broken bones or bone fragments do not penetrate the skin. So such fractures do not create open wounds.

Closed reduction of a fracture - It is a procedure to set bone fragments without surgery.

Green Stick Fracture - It is a fracture that occurs in young, soft bones mostly during infancy and childhood. Here, the soft bone bends and cracks resulting in a fracture.

Spiral Fracture - Spiral fracture occurs when a bone, especially a long bone is broken by a rotational or twisting force. Such fractures require a combination of surgery, physical therapy, and rest for recovery.

Hairline Fracture (stress fracture) - It is a severe bruise or a small crack in a bone usually occurs in athletes and persons with osteoporosis.

Kyphosis - A spinal disorder known as roundback or hunchback which causes an excessive outward curve of the spine and results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back.

Scoliosis - A spinal disorder caused by the sideways curvature of the spine and results in "S" or "C" shaped spine.

Rheumatoid Arthritis - An autoimmune disease that affects the joints and causes swelling of joints, low red blood cell count,  joint pain, inflammation around the lungs and heart.

Rheumatoid Factor - They are autoantibodies or proteins produced by our immune system. These autoantibodies attack the healthy tissue in our own body and cause autoimmune diseases.

Osteoarthritis - A type of arthritis that affects the joints in hands, knees, hips, and spine. The ends of the bones in a joint are cushioned and protected by cartilage tissues. The wearing down of such tissue in joints causes osteoarthritis. The affected joint becomes stiff and painful.

9.9 years

a = p(1 + rt) . . account balance after time t at rate r starting with principal p

3000 = 2500(1 + 0.0202t) . . filling in the given numbers

1.2 = 1 + 0.0202t . . divide by 2500

0.2 = 0.0202t . . . subtract 1

0.2/0.0202 = t ≈ 9.901

it will take about 9.9 years for the account balance to reach $3000.

every el niño cycle is different. every year.