Mendel's laws of heredity can be used to predict the results of simple genetic crosses. For example, if 2 pea plants that are heterozygous for yellow seed color (Yy) are crossed, there is a 25% chance that their offspring will express the recessive trait for green seed color (yy). The above example shows how govern simple genetic recombinations.

Segregation

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel was described as the Father of Genetics because of his immense contribution to discovering the principles that governs inheritance. One of those principles is his Law of Segregation which states that alleles of a gene will separate into gametes during gamete formation.

In the question, the seed colour gene is involved. The two alleles are dominant yellow allele (Y) and recessive green allele (y). In an heterozygous plant (Yy), the green allele is masked by the yellow allele. Hence, a yellow seed color phenotype is produced.

However, Mendel's law of segregation tells us that, although, the recessive allele (green) is masked, it is still present. This is known when the each allele of the heterozygous plant (Y and y) separates into respective gametes. When two gametes containing the green alleles (recessive) combine, it produces an offspring with the recessive trait (green seed colour).