Sponges produce structures called gemmules, which are hard outer coatings protecting a reproductive bud during times of drought. what type of adaptation is this?

Can someone give me the answers to this?

What type of cell undergoes meiosis

What discovery would weaken the primordial soup hypothesis of the origin of life? question 19 options: lightning was common on early earth. earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, water, and trace gases. earth’s early oceans were warm and shallow. asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.