The term "Central Dogma" was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick, discoverer of the structure of DNA, to describe the flow of genetic information. In 2-3 complete sentences describe how DNA (genetic information) influences phenotype (physical traits)

The description of the two-step processes, that is, the translation and transcription, by which the knowledge within the genes is passed onto the proteins is known as the central dogma. The information regarding the physical features of an organism, which is provided by the proteins is found within the DNA.  

A protein is encoded by a gene, which is a particular sequence of DNA nucleotides. All the physical traits, also known as phenotypes are determined by the genes, thus, it can be concluded that DNA influences phenotype.  

"d.) carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide"

organ system-an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.