The Miller-Urey experiment demostrated that

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energy from lightning might have helped create Earth's firs organic molecules

liposome membranes containing organic molecules preceded true cells

organic molecules first could have come to Earth on a meteorite

iron-sulfide bubbles may have acted as the first cell membranes

Whenever diploid populations are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus a) the allele's frequency should not change from one generation to the next, but its representation in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes may change. b) natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift are acting equally to change an allele's frequency. c) this means that, at this locus, two alleles are present in equal proportions. d) the population itself is not evolving, but individuals within the population may be evolving.