One fish species occurs by itself in several nearby lakes (Lakes A, B, C, D, ... M). The other occurs by itself in other lakes (Lakes N, O, P, Q, ... Y). However, they co-occur in lake Z, but do not interbreed (one breeds in the spring in the lake itself, and the other breeds in streams feeding the lake in the fall.) Both species have several autapomorphies. Your initial hypothesis is these species arose through:

A) Phylogenetic speciation
B) Sympatric speciation
C) Allopatric speciation
D) No answer text provided.

Write a paragraph at least 5 sentences “why all vaccinations should be mandatory”

Coat color in cats is determined by genes at several different loci. at one locus on the x chromosome, one allele (x ) encodes black fur and another allele (xo) encodes orange fur. females can be black (x x ), orange (xoxo), or a mixture of orange and black called tortoiseshell (x xo). males are either black (x y) or orange (xoy). bill has a female tortoiseshell cat named patches. one night, patches escapes from bill\'s house, spends the night out, and mates with a stray male. patches later gives birth to the following kittens: one orange male, one black male, two tortoiseshell females, and one orange female. what are the genotypes of patches, the stray male, and the kittens?

1. describe the structure and function of the specialized cells you observed in the video. 2. research the types of cells present in the kidney.