The information in pedigrees that is useful for mapping disease genes is sometimes limited. This pedigree shows segregation of neurofibromatosis, which is a fully-penetrant, autosomal dominant condition, and a single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP1, which has alleles G or T. Why is the cross in generation I not useful for determining the degree of linkage between the disease-causing gene NF and SNP1?

1. the energy lost to disorder metabolism     -entropy

2. related to or possessing motion potential     -kinetic

3. all of the chemical reactions in an organism required for maintenance of the processes of life entropy     -metabolism

4. possible; ability to go into action or perform work kinetic     -potential

5. the study of energy and its transformations thermodynamics     -thermodynamics

the dna molecules have a negative charge because of the phosphate groups in their sugar-phosphate backbone, so they start moving through the matrix of the gel towards the positive pole. power is turned on and dna fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).

explanation: