After reading about the changes at Glacier Bay, a student remarks that the pattern and interactions of organisms present at each stage in succession creates the conditions that lead to the pattern present at the next stage. A second student remarks that the soil produced at each stage of succession helps define the pattern present at the next stage. Evaluate these two statements.
The first statement is accurate, but the second statement is not accurate.
Neither statement is accurate.
Both statements are accurate.
The second statement is accurate, but the first statement is not accurate.

At Glacier Bay, Alaska, the gravel deposits left behind by a retreating glacier were colonized first by which of the following organisms?
a. Microorganisms
b. Trees
c. Mosses
d. Shallow-rooted herbs