What is the term for a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane?

OSMOSIS

Explanation:

OSMOSIS is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. It's very useful in biological systems and is dependent on the following factors:

- osmotic pressure and

- osmotic gradient.

Osmotic pressure: this is defined as the least pressure that needs to be applied in a solution to discontinue the transfer of solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

Osmotic gradient: this compares the concentration of solutions divided by a semipermeable membrane. The concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution is known through osmotic gradient.

the answer to your question is:

c. complementary base-pairing

b. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere   is the answer most likely