One of the major contributors to our understanding of vaccination was Edward Jenner.
What is Jenner’s contribution to the development of vaccinations? Choose the statement that best describes the work of Edward Jenner.

a) He was the first person to demonstrate that it was possible to make a vaccine against a bacterial infection.
b) He discovered the process of passive immunization--the transfer of protective antibodies to an individual.
c) Jenner developed the process of variolation, whereby he infected people with ground smallpox scabs to protect them from smallpox.
d) He demonstrated that inoculating people with crusts from cowpox lesions protected them from smallpox infection.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.

the answer is c. it will give up it's valence electron to the other atom.